Phragmites Pipe 1976.14.29

Phragmites Pipe 1976.14.29

• These items were used in religious ceremonies. Nicotiana sp. was placed inside each pipe, and then used similar to how a cloud blower was used.

• Findings of these items gives Chavez Cave more significance and shows that similar ceremonies are being conducted today by the Zuni Nation. These findings provide a connection from Zuni ancestors to descendants.

• Phragmites pipes were used for ritual smoking only, and not for recreational purposes.

Phragmites australis¹

Footnotes

1. Photograph by Forest and Kim Starr